Very Short Question and Answers - Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

Combustion is a reaction where a carbon compound reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and energy in the form of heat and light.

CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O + Energy

Carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and energy.

Black soot forms when there is insufficient oxygen, leading to incomplete combustion and the formation of carbon (soot) and/or carbon monoxide (CO).

Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which a carbon compound gains oxygen or loses hydrogen.

Ethanoic acid (acetic acid, CH₃COOH).

Acidified potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) and alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO₄).

Combustion.

An addition reaction involves atoms being added to an unsaturated carbon compound (such as alkenes and alkynes) at the multiple bond.

Hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make ghee or margarine.

C₂H₄ + H₂ → (Ni catalyst) → C₂H₆

Bromine water turns colorless when added to an unsaturated compound like ethene due to an addition reaction.

A substitution reaction is where an atom in a molecule is replaced by another atom without changing the saturation, commonly seen in alkanes.

Presence of sunlight or ultraviolet (UV) light.

CH₄ + Cl₂ → (sunlight/UV) → CH₃Cl + HCl

Methyl chloride (CH₃Cl), methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂), chloroform (CHCl₃), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄).

Combustion is a rapid oxidation with energy release, while oxidation can be slower and may involve oxygen gain or hydrogen loss without flame.

(i) Burning of LPG (combustion), (ii) Making margarine from vegetable oil (addition), (iii) Alcohol turning to vinegar (oxidation), (iv) Formation of CFCs from methane (substitution).

Unsaturated compounds (alkenes and alkynes) undergo addition reactions because they have multiple bonds that can be broken to add new atoms.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds and cannot accommodate additional atoms without breaking the carbon skeleton, so they typically undergo substitution reactions instead.