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Elders and warriors.
They protected the tribe and organized cattle raids.
Colonialism weakened their traditional authority and imposed restrictions on raiding.
Wealthy chiefs thrived while poor pastoralists struggled and often lost everything.
They change migration paths, reduce cattle numbers, and press for rights and support from the government.
The elders were the rulers.
Cattle symbolized wealth in Maasai society.
Warriors wore deep red shukas and beautiful Maasai jewelry.
They carried five-foot steel-tipped spears.
They traveled for four months, acted like raiders, wore loose clothing, and danced all day.
Girls did not undergo the same ritual to become warriors.
They appointed chiefs and imposed new restrictions on raiding and warfare.
They had regular incomes and could buy animals and land, with some becoming traders.
They lost everything during wars and famines and often had to seek jobs in towns.
Disruption of age-based structure and emergence of wealth disparity.
New laws and borders limit their movement and grazing options.
They adapt by changing migration routes and managing cattle numbers.
They request governmental support for resources.
They are not remnants of the past; they play a crucial role in modern society.
Their lifestyle is suited for dry and hilly regions, reflecting resilience in changing times.