Economic Activities by Men and Women – Long Answer Questions

Medium Level (Application & Explanation)

Answer:

The economy has three sectors: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
The Primary sector uses natural resources. Example: fishing, farming, mining.
The Secondary sector includes manufacturing and construction. Example: factories, building houses.
The Tertiary sector provides services. Example: teaching, healthcare, banking.
Vilas sells fish. This is the Primary sector. He works with a natural resource.
Sakal works in a firm. This can be Secondary (manufacturing) or Tertiary (services), depending on the type of firm.

Answer:

There is wage disparity because many women have lower education and fewer skills.
Many women work in the informal sector. This sector has low pay and no benefits.
They often lack job security, fixed wages, and maternity benefits.
Social norms and bias also affect hiring and promotions.
Women may take breaks for childcare, which affects their work experience.
With skill training and equal pay policies, this gap can be reduced.

Answer:

The Formal sector gives fixed wages, written contracts, and legal protection.
It offers benefits like PF, medical leave, and maternity leave.
The Informal sector has no contracts, irregular pay, and no benefits.
Many women work in the informal sector, so they face higher risk and low income.
This leads to unstable jobs and limited growth for women.
Moving women to formal, secure jobs can improve their income and dignity.

Answer:

Low education reduces job choices for women.
Without skills, they cannot get technical or high-paying jobs.
They remain stuck in low-wage, unskilled work.
They also miss promotions and leadership roles.
Skill training in computers, tailoring, healthcare, or retail can help.
With education and skills, women can enter the tertiary sector and earn more.

Answer:

Answer:

Asha is in the informal sector. She has no contract and unstable income.
She gets no benefits like PF, medical leave, or maternity leave.
Rohan is in the formal sector. He has a fixed salary and legal protection.
He may get overtime pay, safety, and social security.
To help Asha, the government can register home-based workers and set minimum wages.
Also, skill certification and collective bargaining can raise her income and security.

Answer:

The tertiary sector creates steady jobs with better pay.
More women in services can raise family income and reduce poverty.
It improves health and education outcomes for children.
The economy gains from higher productivity and diverse talent.
Firms benefit from inclusive teams and better decision-making.
With safe transport and childcare, women can join and stay in such jobs.

Answer:

Start skill training in food processing, handicrafts, or garment making.
Provide credit and tools through self-help groups (SHGs).
Set up local worksheds with safety and childcare.
Ensure market links to sell products at fair prices.
Tackle barriers like social norms, mobility issues, and lack of assets.
Use awareness drives, women mentors, and transport support to include women.

Answer:

This is unequal pay and shows gender bias.
It reduces women’s income and morale.
It may break labour laws and harm the firm’s reputation.
Families suffer due to lower savings and less welfare.
The firm should adopt equal pay for equal work and do pay audits.
Set transparent wage bands, give skill training, and create a grievance system.

Answer:

Create weekly training in digital skills, accounts, and trade skills.
Give certificates that are recognized by local firms.
Link women to microcredit and government schemes for tools.
Form producer groups for bulk buying and better prices.
Offer legal awareness on minimum wages and maternity rights.
Provide childcare and safe spaces, so women can work regularly and earn more.